Stephenson's painting of Peggy's Cove, 1948. White line above seaweed is the "barnacle belt." Click photo for larger view.

Peggy's Cove, Oct 9, 2002. The 'barnacle belt' is no longer visible.

Another view of the same barnacle population.

Clean, exposed rocky Atlantic coastline at Shad Bay head, N.S., once classic 'barnacle belt' habitat. Low, tan barnacles barely visible.

Highly wave exposed rocks with scanty tan barnacles reaching lower elevation than rockweed, contrary to classic expectation.

Tan barnacle belt at Shad Bay head.

Tan barnacles on clean coastline, August 2002, with yellowed Fucus. Many are dead in comparison to population living inside polluted harbour.

White barnacles growing inside polluted harbour, September 2002, with dark Fucus and abundant snails.

Inside Halifax harbour, high heavy growth of large white barnacles, reminiscent of 'barnacle belts' that once were prominent on the open coastline.

Hall's Harbour, 1948, heavily blanketed with barnacles. T. A. Stephenson's photo.

Halls' Harbour, September 2001, compare with previous photo. Barnacles are now relatively sparse.

Barnacles in crevice.

Another of Stephenson's photos of heavily barnacle-dominated rocks at Hall's Harbour in 1948.

Hall's Harbour 2001 for comparison.